Emergency Medicine Clinical Guidelines

The National Model EMS Clinical Guidelines Project was first initiated by NASEMSO in 2012 and has produced three versions of model clinical guidelines for EMS: the first in 2014, a revision 2017, and now this third version in 2022. The guidelines were created as a resource to be used or adapted for use on a state, regional or local level to enhance prehospital patient care and can be viewed here. These model protocols are offered to any EMS entity that wishes to use them, in full or in part. The model guidelines project has been led by the NASEMSO Medical Directors Council in collaboration with six national EMS physician organizations, including: American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), National Association of EMS Physicians (NAEMSP), American Academy of Emergency Medicine (AAEM), American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine (AAP-COPEM), American College of Surgeons, Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT) and Air Medical Physician Association (AMPA). Co-Principal Investigators, Dr. Carol Cunningham and Dr. Richard Kamin, led the development of all three versions. Countless hours of review and edits are contributed by subject matter experts and EMS stakeholders who responded with comments and recommendations during the public comment period.

Emergency Medicine Clinical Guidelines

The American College of Emergency Physicians recruited field experts and thought leaders to develop a point-of-care toolexternal icon for SCD. Providers can deploy the evidence-based, clinical content to deliver quality care to patients with SCD in the emergency department.

In 2016, the American Society of Hematology (ASH) initiated an effort to develop clinical practice guidelines on Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). ASH formed a committee of medical experts, researchers and patients to review evidence and form recommendations on SCD. The recommendations address treatment of both adult and pediatric SCD.

These protocols are guidelines in use at the Sickle Cell Center at Grady Health System, and they are intended for use by heath care providers treating patients with sickle cell syndromes. These guidelines supplement to current texts in general medicine, surgery and pediatrics.

There continue to be several ongoing trials evaluating therapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID-19. As data becomes available from these trials and if there is a preponderance of evidence to suggest the use of a therapeutic agent even in the context of clinical trials is no longer warranted it will be removed from future updates of the guideline (and the removal will be noted in the updated guidelines). If there is emerging evidence on the efficacy or safety of a therapeutic agent not mentioned in the current version of the guideline it will be included in future updates of the guideline.

In this section, we discuss how to approach a patient suspected to have COVID-19 and how to apply the IDSA COVID-19 treatment guidelines to specific clinical syndromes. The detailed evidence appraisals and recommendations for each therapeutic agent can be found in the individual sections. The certainty of supporting evidence is low to moderate for most recommendations; therefore, the guideline panel made conditional suggestions rather than strong recommendations for or against most of the agents. Though substantial progress was made with COVID-19 therapies in such a short period, there still remain many unanswered questions in the management of COVID-19. Therefore, the approach outlined here and in the guidelines are based on some assumptions and extrapolations. Despite limited evidence, to give actionable and timely guidance to frontline clinicians, we provide recommendations for use of combinations of agents, recommend some agents over others or extrapolate to sub populations not evaluated in trials.

The following list is a reflection of what has been reported to IDSA. To provide thorough transparency, IDSA requires full disclosure of all relationships, regardless of relevancy to the guideline topic. Evaluation of such relationships as potential conflicts of interest is determined by a review process which includes assessment by the Board of Directors liaison to the Standards and Practice Guidelines Committee and, if necessary, the Conflicts of Interest and Ethics Committee. The assessment of disclosed relationships for possible COI is based on the relative weight of the financial relationship (i.e., monetary amount) and the relevance of the relationship (i.e., the degree to which an association might reasonably be interpreted by an independent observer as related to the topic or recommendation of consideration). The reader of these guidelines should be mindful of this when the list of disclosures is reviewed. L.B. receives research funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and Harvard Medical School; serves as chair of the Antimicrobial Drug Advisory Committee of the Food and Drug Administration; and is involved in HIV and COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials conducted in collaboration with the NIH, HIV Vaccine Trials Network, COVID Vaccine Prevention Network, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Crucell/Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Moderna, Military HIV Research Program, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and the Ragon Institute. A.B. received honorarium from the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review. V.C. receives research funding from the Health and Medical Research Fund; serves on the Research Committee of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA); and serves on the international editorial boards for the Journal of Hospital Infection, Infection Prevention in Practice, and Antimicrobial Stewardship and Healthcare Epidemiology. K.E. serves as a scientific advisor for Merck, Bionet, IBM, Sanofi, X4 Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Seqirus, Inc., Moderna, Inc., GSK plc, Roche, and Pfizer; and receives research funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the NIH. J.G. serves in an advisory role for Qpex, Shionogi, and Merck; receives research funding from Merck; previously served in an advisory role for Accelerate Diagnostics, Achaogen, Astellas Pharma, Melinta Therapeutics, Nabriva Therapeutics, Paratek Pharma, scPharmaceuticals, Spero Therapeutics, and Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals; and previously served on the speakers bureau for Astellas Pharma, Melinta Therapeutics, Merck, and Shionogi. R.G. serves as a panel member on the NIH COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel; serves as the immediate Past Chair for the HIV Medicine Association; receives research funding from the NIH; and has served on the scientific advisory board for Gilead Sciences, Inc., and Merck. W.J.M. serves in an advisory role for Seqirus, Inc.; receives research funding from Ansun Biopharma, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Gilead Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Karius, Melinta Therapeutics, Merck, Moderna, Nabriva Therapeutics, Paratek Pharma, Pfizer, Roche, and Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals; and has previously received research funding from Abbott Laboratories. M.H.M receives research funding from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the Endocrine Society, and the Society for Vascular Surgery; serves as a Board member for the Evidence Foundation; has received research funding from the American Society of Hematology and the World Health Organization (WHO); and has served as a guideline methodologist for the WHO. R.A.M. receives research funding from the NIH, the WHO, the American College of Rheumatology, the American Society of Hematology, and Bohringer Ingelheim; serves as Chair of the Midwest Comparative Effectiveness Public Advisory Council of the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER); serves on the Methods Committee for Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Work Group; serves on the Clinical Guidelines Committee for the Canadian Society of Nephrology; and previously served on the Clinical Guidelines Committee for the American College of Physicians (ACP). M.M.N. co-chairs the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society COVID-19 Therapies Task Force, will receive support to attend as a speaker the American Academy of Pediatrics National Conference & Exhibition in October 2022, and has received research funding from Gilead Sciences. J.C.O. serves as an advisor for Bates College; holds stocks in Doximity, Inc.; receives research funding from the MITRE Corporation and Nference, Inc.; and serves on committees for the Society for Critical Care Medicine, SHEA, and University Lake School. R.W.S. served in an advisory role for GSK plc and Gilead Sciences. S.S. serves in advisory roles for Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., ReViral Ltd., Adamis Pharmaceuticals, and Immunome; holds stocks in Immunome; receives research funding from Ansun BioPharma, Zeteo Tech, Inc., F2G, Emergent Biosolutions, Shionogi, Shire (now Takeda), Cidara Therapeutics, U.S. Department of Defense (Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense), Defense Health Agency, Bloomberg Philanthropies, the State of Maryland, NIH/NIAID, NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Mental Wellness Foundation, Moriah Fund, Octopharma, HealthNetwork Foundation, Shear Family Foundation, Johns Hopkins University, and Mayo Clinic; serves as the Governor of the ACP; has received research funding from the University of Nebraska; and has served as an advisor for Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Acidophil, LLC, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc., Celltrion Healthcare, and Intermountain Health. A.H.S. receives research funding from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. S.S. serves on guideline panels for the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) and receives research funding from the Department of Veterans Affairs Evidence Synthesis Program. Y.F.Y. receives honoraria from the Evidence Foundation for evidence reviews and teaching, the AGA for evidence reviews, and ICER for committee meetings; serves as a Director for the Evidence Foundation and for the U.S. GRADE Network; and served on an Independent Appraisal Committee for ICER. All other authors: no disclosures reported. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed. 041b061a72